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- <text id=90TT3449>
- <title>
- Dec. 24, 1990: The Day I Played God
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Dec. 24, 1990 What Is Kuwait?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- TECHNOLOGY, Page 74
- The Day I Played God
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Creating a new world is complicated--and risky
- </p>
- <p>By PHILIP ELMER-DEWITT
- </p>
- <p> In the beginning I created the heavens and the earth--well, almost. I actually started with a lump of molten rock,
- gave it a hundred million years or so to cool off and then
- began to form the clear blue oceans and the landmasses that
- would eventually become continents. After a few billion years
- had gone by (it seemed like minutes to me), I created the first
- life-forms and triggered the start of their long evolution.
- Before I knew it, my world was filled with thousands of
- self-replicating molecules, millions of one-celled organisms,
- whole armies of invertebrates, crustaceans and primitive
- mollusks. What on earth had I done?
- </p>
- <p> The name of this computer exercise is SimEarth--The Living
- Planet, a new $69.95 disk for Macintosh computers that offers
- something no other program can. It not only shows how life may
- have evolved on earth, but it also let me do the one thing I've
- always wanted to do: play God.
- </p>
- <p> And what a feeling it was! By pointing and clicking my
- electronic mouse, I could pick up a square of green from one
- corner of the screen, drop it on a barren stretch of land and
- watch it blossom into a prairie. I could sprinkle the forest
- primeval with dinosaurs, insects and birds. I could fill the
- seas with starfish, lobsters and whales. I could rattle my
- little planet with computer-generated earthquakes and
- hurricanes.
- </p>
- <p> In SimEarth, as in the real world, the great natural
- processes that shape the environment--volcanoes, erosion,
- continental drift--interact with one another. Climate,
- vegetation and geology are represented as interrelated systems,
- each with controls that can be adjusted. Animals multiplying
- too fast? Just crank down the reproduction dial. Tired of
- waiting for evolution to work its wonders? Just speed up the
- mutation rate. Earth getting too hot for its own good? Just turn
- off the greenhouse effect.
- </p>
- <p> Things really get interesting when the creatures on my pet
- planet develop intelligence. The program is set up so that the
- beings that become smart are not necessarily human. They can
- as easily be dolphins or spiders. In one game I played, it was
- a lizard that discovered fire. Africa was soon littered with
- Stone Age reptile cities.
- </p>
- <p> Whatever animals get the gift of intelligence, it is the
- player's job to nurture and protect them, guiding their
- technological development by directing investments in science,
- medicine, agriculture and the arts. But playing the Almighty,
- I discover, is complicated--and dangerous. Skimp on medical
- research, and your SimEarthlings are pestered by plagues. Cut
- back in the philosophy department, and wars break out. Let the
- master race linger too long in the industrial age, and the
- planet is choked with pollution. If, on the other hand, you
- steer your beings adroitly toward the ages of information and
- nanotechnology (molecule building), they will spontaneously
- load themselves into tiny spacecraft, turn the earth into a
- wildlife preserve and take off to colonize other planets--the
- closest thing to "winning" this game.
- </p>
- <p> Scientists will point out that almost every one of the
- program's premises is subject to debate, from its assumption
- that life must be based on carbon (rather than, say, silicon)
- to its noticeable bias against nuclear energy. The program also
- assumes that technology always advances and that intelligence
- always confers an evolutionary advantage. "We may be flattering
- ourselves," says the program's designer, Will Wright.
- </p>
- <p> The most controversial aspect of the SimEarth model may be
- its reliance on the so-called Gaia hypothesis, a theory of
- evolution that views the earth as a single organism with
- various feedback mechanisms to maintain conditions suitable for
- life. In SimEarth this means that as the heat from the sun
- increases 25%, as it has during the past few billion years,
- changes will automatically occur in factors like the rate of
- cloud formation to keep the surface temperature relatively
- stable. The feedback loops appear most valuable when they are
- turned off, as they were when I played in the "hard game" mode.
- Suddenly, rather than "playing" God, I found myself working
- overtime to keep my oceans from boiling away, my jungles from
- bursting into flame and my populations from suffering yet
- another mass extinction. SimEarth may turn out to be Gaia's
- best advertisement. If God had to adjust all these systems by
- hand, he'd never get a day of rest.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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